The mechanisms of how innate immune signaling promotes antibody response

Innate immune signaling is important not only in initiating defense against various pathogens but also in promoting adaptive immune response. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling promotes antibody response through multiple...>>>

Mucosal immunity and mechanisms of IgA production 

With increasing studies on mucosal immunity, it is more and more realized that intestine is not only for digestion, but also a unique lymphoid organ itself. The persistent exist of commensal bacteria andthe frequent...>>>

The roles of TLR signaling in autoimmune diseases 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by production of anti-nuclear antibody and subsequent pathological change in kidney. Recent studies suggested that TLR signaling plays important roles in the...  >>>

The roles of TLR signaling in B cell development 

It had not been realized that TLRs are also expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and other lymphoid progenitor cells until recently. In fact, activation of TLR signaling in HSCs or lymphoid... >>>